5.   CLC is a 68-year-old male with past medical history significant of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and Type 2 diabetes is being discharged from the hospital after a pneumonia episode.

a) The patient would like to know which vaccines he should receive to prevent any future health  complications. Please advise CLC on all available vaccines that he is recommended for, and why. (5 marks)

b) Briefly explain to CLC the differences between the 13-valent type and the 23-valent type. (4 marks)

c) Name THREE conditions that may render a person not suitable to receive the inactivated influenza virus vaccine. (3 marks)

d) Which serological markers should be assessed to confirm immunity against the hepatitis B virus? (3 marks)