Recombinant DNA (rDNA) human insulin and analogue insulin injections are the two main categories of insulins used for treating diabetes mellitus.

a) Give a concise list of types of insulin under these two categories with regard to the approximate duration of action, and give ONE example (generic name) for EACH type of insulin. (6 marks)

b) What are the main advantages of analogue basal insulin over rDNA human basal insulin? (2 marks)

c) Give an outline of THREE most commonly used insulin therapy regimens. (3 marks)

d) What are the major common principles for initial insulin dosing for a patient newly started on insulin injection only? (4 marks)